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The firing order of an engine is the sequence the spark plugs fire. On engines with a distributor, the firing order is determined by the routing of the spark plug wires from the distributor cap to the spark plugs in each cylinder. When the piston is at top dead center (TDC) on the compression stroke, the rotor inside the distributor should be aligned with the number one (#1) spark plug terminal in the distributor cap. Depending on which way the distributor rotates (clockwise or counter-clockwise), the next plug wire in the cap would go to the next spark plug in the firing sequence for that engine.
On most Chevrolet engines the #1 cylinder is the first cylinder at the front of the engine on the driver side (left side) of a rear-wheel drive car or truck. On front-wheel drive cars and minivans with a transverse (sideways) mounted V6, the #1 cylinder is the first cylinder on the front side of the engine on the passenger (right) side.
The cylinders are numbered in a staggered sequence going from side-to-side, starting with the #1 cylinder going towards the back of the engine (see illustrations below). So on a V6 or V8 engine, one bank of cylinders would all be odd numbered (all the left cylinders on a rear-wheel drive V6 or V8 engine, or all of the front cylinders on a transverse mounted V6), and the ones on the opposite side would be all even numbered cylinders.
The firing order for popular Chevrolet engines is shown in the illustration below:
The firing order for Chevy Small Block V8 engines (265,283, 302, 327, 350, 400) is 1-8-4-3-6-5-7-2.
The firing order for Chevy Big Block V8 engines (396, 406, 427, 454) is the same as the small blocks: 1-8-4-3-6-5-7-2.
The firing order for Chevy LS engines (LS1 to LS7) is different than SB or BB V8 engines. It is 1-8-7-2-6-5-4-3.
NOTE: These firing orders are for a standard crossplane crankshaft where the throws are spaced 90 degrees apart and a standard firing order camshaft.
Some special racing cams make it possible to change the firing order. On GM BB and SB V8 engines, modifying the firing order with a cam that swaps the firing order of cylinders 4 and 7 results in a new firing order of 1-8-7-3-6-5-4-2. The 4-7 swap improves the air/fuel distribution between cylinders (especially cylinders 4 and 7), makes the engine easier to tune, and reduces heat buildup in the back of the engine. It also reduces torsional loads and vibrations on the crankshaft.
The firing order of a Chevy V8 marine engine with standard rotation is the same as that in a passenger car or truck (see above). But in boats that have twin inboard engines (side-by-side), one engine typically rotates in a reverse direction to offset the rotational effects of the other engine. This helps stabilize the boat. Reverse rotation engines have a special marine cam that changes valve timing so the engine will rotate in the opposite direction.
The firing order of a Chevy marine engine with REVERSE rotation is 1-2-7-5-6-3-4-8.
The correct firing order is very important because mixing up the spark plug wires may prevent the engine from starting, cause it to backfire and run very poorly if at all.
Watch Out for Ignition Crossfire. On engines where two adjacent spark plugs fire right after each other, it is important to make sure the spark plug wires are not routed right next to each other for a long distance. This can cause crossfire between the plugs because the magnetic field created by the spark going to one plug may fire the next plug prematurely, causing the engine to run rough and misfire. To prevent this from happening, criss-cross the two plug adjacent plug wires to cancel out the magnetic induction.
On engines with distributorless ignition systems or coil-on-plug ignition systems, the firing order is controlled by the ignition module or engine computer. The computer receives an input signal from the crankshaft position sensor (and camshaft position sensor on some engines) to determine which piston is coming up to top dead center on its compression stroke. It then fires that spark plug, and the next and so on in the firing sequence.
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